BTEC International Level 3 – Unit 13 (A1 & A2) Test

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Instructions: Answer all questions. Use black or blue ink for written responses.

Section A – Multiple Choice Questions

20 marks

Choose the one best answer for each question.

1. Which of the following is not a type of microorganism?

a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Protozoa d) Plants

2. Viruses differ from bacteria because they:

a) Contain ribosomes b) Cannot reproduce outside a host cell c) Have cell walls d) Perform photosynthesis

3. Which scientist is considered the “Father of Microbiology”?

a) Robert Koch b) Louis Pasteur c) Alexander Fleming d) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

4. A yeast cell is an example of:

a) Bacterium b) Fungus c) Protozoan d) Virus

5. Which microorganism is prokaryotic?

a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Protozoa d) Algae

6. Which structure is found in bacteria but not in viruses?

a) Cell membrane b) Protein coat c) Genetic material d) Capsid

7. A protozoan that causes malaria is:

a) Plasmodium b) Trypanosoma c) Amoeba d) Giardia

8. Which of the following is a beneficial role of microorganisms?

a) Causing tuberculosis b) Spoiling food c) Fermentation in bread and wine d) Spreading influenza

9. Which gas is essential for aerobic microbial growth?

a) Nitrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Hydrogen

10. Which temperature range is best for mesophilic bacteria?

a) 0–10°C b) 20–45°C c) 55–75°C d) Above 80°C

11. Nutrients required by microorganisms for energy include:

a) Carbon and nitrogen sources b) Light and sound c) Water only d) Air only

12. Which term describes microorganisms that grow best in high salt concentrations?

a) Thermophiles b) Halophiles c) Acidophiles d) Psychrophiles

13. Which method is used to sterilize heat‑sensitive solutions?

a) Autoclaving b) Filtration c) Dry heat d) Boiling

14. Bacteria reproduce primarily by:

a) Binary fission b) Mitosis c) Meiosis d) Budding

15. Fungi obtain nutrients by:

a) Photosynthesis b) Absorptive heterotrophy c) Engulfing prey d) Using flagella

16. Which of the following is an example of a bacterium that benefits humans?

a) Lactobacillus in yogurt b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis c) Salmonella typhi d) Vibrio cholerae

17. In microbial growth, the "lag phase" refers to:

a) Rapid multiplication b) Adjustment to new conditions c) Nutrient depletion d) Cell death

18. Which factor affects enzyme activity in microorganisms?

a) Temperature b) pH c) Substrate concentration d) All of the above

19. Which protozoan moves using pseudopodia?

a) Paramecium b) Euglena c) Amoeba d) Plasmodium

20. Which component of growth media provides nitrogen?

a) Peptones b) Agar c) Distilled water d) Salt

Section B – Fill in the Blanks

5 marks

Write the correct term in each blank.

21.

The scientist who discovered penicillin was .

22.

Microorganisms that thrive at low temperatures are called .

23.

The structure used by bacteria for movement is the .

24.

The clear zone around antibiotic discs in agar diffusion tests is called the .

25.

A relationship occurs when microorganisms live together and both benefit.

Section C – Short Answer Question

10 marks

26. Microbial Growth and Control

a) Define microbial growth. (2 marks)

b) Explain two environmental factors that affect microbial growth. (4 marks)

c) Describe one method of sterilization and its application. (2 marks)

d) Discuss one harmful and one beneficial effect of microorganisms on humans. (2 marks)

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